Provides description of the major processes for developing measurement scales. This book presents a series of general articles that deal in philosophic terms with the problem of measurement, with what is meant by measurement and scaling as well as the notions underlying the process of measuring.

Mathematics is a key element in determining success for the Edexcel BTEC National Engineering courses. Including information for the 2010 BTEC Nationals in Engineering syllabus, this book covers the main elements of mathematics in the core, mechanical and Electrical/ Electronic Units. It contains thousands of worked examples and revision tests.

Higher category theory is generally regarded as technical and forbidding, but part of it is considerably more tractable: the theory of infinity-categories, higher categories in which all higher morphisms are assumed to be invertible. This title presents the foundations of this theory.

Many problems in the sciences and engineering can be rephrased as optimization problems on matrix search spaces endowed with a so-called manifold structure. This book shows how to exploit the special structure of such problems to develop efficient numerical algorithms. It is of interest to applied mathematicians, and computer scientists.